An Architecture Dynamic Modeling Language for Self-Healing Systems

AbstractAs modern software-based systems increase in complexity, recovery from malicious attacks and rectification of system faults become more difficult, labor-intensive, and error-prone. These factors have actuated research dealing with the concept of self-healing systems, which employ architectural models to monitor system behavior and use inputs obtaining therefore to adapt themselves to the run-time environment. Numerous architectural description languages (ADLs) have been developed, each providing complementary capabilities for architectural development and analysis. Unfortunately, few ADLs embrace dynamic change as a fundamental consideration and support a broad class of adaptive changes at the architectural level. The Architecture Dynamic Modeling Language (ADML) is being developed as a new formal language and/or conceptual model for representing dynamic software architectures. TheADML couple the static information provided by the system requirements and the dynamic knowledge provided by tactics, and offer a uniform way to represent and reason about both static and dynamic aspects of self-healing systems. Because the ADML is based on the Dynamic Description Logic DDL, architectural ontology entailment for the ADML languages can be reduced to knowledge base satisfiability in DDL

Research of Integrity and Authentication in OPC UA Communication Using Whirlpool Hash Function

Currently, the demand for information security of industrial control systems is becoming more and more urgent, but the security model proposed by OPC UA cannot meet the practical requirements of industrial control systems. For this reason, this paper proposes a new security communication model to provide integrity and authentication in OPC UA. This model uses the Whirlpool hash function to check integrity and generates digital signature along with RSA in message transmission. Compared to SHA-1, Whirlpool has a higher calculation speed and lower collision rate. Through this model, terminals in the upper layer can communicate with field devices via a channel with high security and efficiency

Magnetic photonic crystals for biomedical applications

Abstract Magnetic photonic crystals (PhCs), as a representative responsive structural color material, have attracted increasing research focus due to merits such as brilliant refraction colors, instant responsiveness, and excellent manipuility, thus having been widely applied for color displaying, three‐dimensional printing, sensing, and so on. Featured with traits such as contactless manner, flexible orientations, and adjustable intensity of external magnetism, magnetic PhCs have shown great superiority especially in the field of biomedical applications such as bioimaging and auxiliary clinical diagnosis. In this review, we summarize the current advancements of magnetic PhCs. We first introduce the fundamental principles and typical characteristics of PhCs. Afterward, we present several typical self‐assembly strategies with their frontiers in practical applications. Finally, we analyze the current situations of magnetic PhCs and put forward the prospective challenges and future development directions

Micro-/nano-structured flexible electronics for biomedical applications

Flexible electronics are attracting considerable attention due to their promising performance including conductivity, stain- or pressure-sensing performance, skin-affinity, flexibility, etc. In particular, the structural design has promoted their properties and brought advanced functions, which make them valuable in biomedical applications including health monitoring, therapeutic applications and implantable devices. Herein, a review on the recent progress of flexible electronics with micro-/nano-structures is provided, involving the manufacturing technologies and applications in biomedical fields. Following these two sections, remaining challenges and the perspectives on future directions are also proposed

An Architecture Description Language Based on Dynamic Description Logics

Part 5: Semantic WebInternational audienceADML is an architectural description language based on Dynamic Description Logic for defining and simulating the behavior of system architecture. ADML is being developed as a new formal language and/or conceptual model for representing the architectures of concurrent and distributed systems, both hardware and software. ADML embraces dynamic change as a fundamental consideration, supports a broad class of adaptive changes at the architectural level, and offers a uniform way to represent and reason about both static and dynamic aspects of systems. Because the ADML is based on the Dynamic Description Logic DDL($\mathcal{SHON}$(D)), which can represent both dynamic semantics and static semantics under a unified logical framework, architectural ontology entailment for the ADML languages can be reduced to knowledge base satisfiability in DDL($\mathcal{SHON}$(D)), and dynamic description logic algorithms and implementations can be used to provide reasoning services for ADML. In this article, we present the syntax of ADML, explain its underlying semantics using the Dynamic Description Logic DDL($\mathcal{SHON}$(D)), and describe the core architecture description features of ADML

Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Antireflection Coatings on Geometrically Complex Optical Surfaces

Here we report a simple and scalable electrostatics-assisted colloidal self-assembly technology for fabricating monolayer nanoparticle antireflection coatings on geometrically complex optical surfaces. By using a surface-modified glass volumetric flask with a long neck as a proof-of-concept demonstration, negatively charged silica nanoparticles with 110 nm diameter are electrostatically adsorbed on both the interior and exterior surfaces of the flask possessing positive surface charges. The self-assembled monolayer nanoparticle antireflection coatings can significantly improve light transmission through different regions of the flask with varied curvatures, as revealed by optical transmission measurements and numerical simulations using a simplified thin-film multilayer model

A Formal Model for Attack Mutation Using Dynamic Description Logics

Part 9: Information SecurityInternational audienceAll currently available Network-based Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) rely upon passive protocol analysis which is fundamentally flawed as an attack can evade detection by exploiting ambiguities in the traffic stream as seen by the NIDS. We observe that different attack variations can be derived from the original attack using simple transformations. This paper proposes a semantic model for attack mutation based on dynamic description logics (DDL(X)), extensions of description logics (DLs) with a dynamic dimension, and explores the possibility of using DDL(X) as a basis for evasion composition. The attack mutation model describes all the possible transformations and how they can be applied to the original attack to generate a large number of attack variations. Furthermore, this paper presents a heuristics planning algorithm for the automation of evasion composition at the functional level based on DDL(X). Our approach employs classical DL-TBoxes to capture the constraints of the domain, DL-ABoxes to present the attack, and DL-formulas to encode the objective sequence of packets respectively. In such a way, the evasion composition problem is solved by a decidable tableau procedure. The preliminary results certify the potential of the approach

Safety of Autologous Cord Blood Cells for Preterms: A Descriptive Study

Background. Preterm birth complications are one of the leading causes of death among children under 5 years of age. Despite advances in medical care, many survivors face a lifetime of disability, including mental and physical retardation, and chronic lung disease. More recently, both allogenic and autogenic cord blood cells have been applied in the treatment of neonatal conditions such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Objective. To assess the safety of autologous, volume- and red blood cell- (RBC-) reduced, noncryopreserved umbilical cord blood (UCB) cell infusion to preterm infants. Method. This study was a phase I, open-label, single-arm, single-center trial to evaluate the safety of autologous, volume- and RBC-reduced, noncryopreserved UCB cell (5 × 107cells/kg) infusion for preterm infants <37 weeks gestational age. UCB cell characteristics, pre- and postinfusion vital signs, and laboratory investigations were recorded. Clinical data including mortality rates and preterm complications were recorded. Results. After processing, (22.67 ± 4.05) ml UCB cells in volume, (2.67 ± 2.00) × 108 cells in number, with (22.67 ± 4.05) × 106 CD34+, (3.72 ± 3.25) × 105 colony forming cells (CFU-GM), and (99.7 ± 0.17%) vitality were infused to 15 preterm infants within 8 hours after birth. No adverse effects were noticed during treatment. All fifteen patients who received UCB infusion survived. The duration of hospitalization ranged from 4 to 65 (30 ± 23.6) days. Regarding preterm complications, no BPD, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was observed. There were 1/15 (7%) infant with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), 5/15 (33.3%) infants with ventilation-associated pneumonia, and 10/15 (66.67%) with anemia, respectively. Conclusions. Collection, preparation, and infusion of fresh autologous UCB cells to preterm infants is feasible and safe. Adequately powered randomized controlled studies are needed

Cord Blood Levels of Angiopoietin-Like 7 (ANGPTL7) in Preterm Infants

Objective. ANGPTL7 is a member of the angiogenin-like protein family. Compared to other members, ANGPTL7 is the least known. Recent studies have explored the relationship between ANGPTL7 and multiple pathological processes and diseases. However, there is no research about ANGPTL7 in neonates. This study was designed to investigate the concentration of ANGPTL7 in cord blood of preterm infants. Method. Singleton infants born in November 2017 to June 2019 in the study hospital were enrolled in the study. Maternal and neonatal clinical data were collected. ANGPTL7 levels in cord blood and serum on the third day after birth were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Result. A total of 182 infants were enrolled in this study. Patients were categorized into two groups by gestational age (102 preterm, 80 full-term). ANGPTL7 levels in preterm infants were significantly higher than that in full-term babies (t=15.4, P<0.001). In multiple line regression analysis, ANGPTL7 levels independently correlated with gestational age (β=−0.556, P<0.001). There is also no correlation between preterm outcomes and ANGPTL7 levels. Cord blood levels of ANGPTL7 were significantly higher than those in serum on the third day after birth (t=13.88, P<0.001). Conclusion. Cord blood ANGPTL7 levels are higher in preterm infants than full-term babies. The levels are independently influenced by gestational ages and attenuated significantly after birth. The underlying mechanism needs to be further studied